Eratosthenes was an ancient Greek astronomer, geographer, and mathematician. Leaving Cape Town in April 1932, Discoveryand its oceanographers, including George Deacon, circumnavigated Antarctica, much of the first few months at sea the Antarctic winter, completing the long series of sections in April 1933 before returning to England. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Eratosthenes of Cyrene (article) | Khan Academy III. Eratosthenes's main interest in youth was philosophy and that vocation led him to Athens at the age of 15. Cyrene was founded by Greeks from Thera before 600 BC, and it prospered as an independent city until the arrival of the Hellenic era. [24], Eratosthenes was described by the Suda Lexicon as a (Pentathlos) which can be translated as "All-Rounder", for he was skilled in a variety of things: He was a true polymath. Contribute to chinapedia/wikipedia.en development by creating an account on GitHub. to locate all prime numbers between two integers. Geography is the study of locations and the relationships between people and their surroundings. 175 km 4. Then he continued: "And do not try to understand the intricate tasks of the Archytas cylinders or the triple cuts of the cone of Menechmus or what the curved figure of the divine Eudoxus describes in its lines, because in these tablets you will easily find thousands of means even starting from poor start . _____ includes the study of the earth at History of Oceanography TIMELINE Print PDF Zoom Out Events Egyptian trade on nile 4000 B.C. [19] This book is the first recorded instance of many terms still in use today, including the name of the discipline geography. ing of the Eratosthenes Seamount could clearly provide invaluable information regarding the oceanography and the tectonics of the east-ern Mediterranean in pre-Messinian time (McCoy and Mart, 1988; Robertson, 1992) Woodside (1977) also noted the occurrence of a 200-km-wide magnetic anomaly underneath the seamount. The prime meridian plotted by Ptolemy was used by the Arabs for the calculation of time and longitudes. They also built a ship know as the Knarr. He was the founder of Geography and holds the credit to . He studied in Athens at the Lyceum. [6] He wrote Chronographies, a text that scientifically depicted dates of importance, beginning with the Trojan War. Your email address will not be published. His mathematical work is known principally from the writings of the Greek geometer Pappus of Alexandria, and his geographical work from the first two books of the Geography of the Greek geographer Strabo. Eratosthenes - Mathematician Biography, Contributions and Facts He also suggested that lakes were the source of the river. 1. Eratosthenes also found a solution to the so-called Deliano problem, or the doubling of the cube. salinity, waves, tides and winds. He is credited with devising an algorithm for finding prime numbers called the sieve of Eratosthenes, in which one arranges the natural numbers in numerical order and strikes out one, every second number following two, every third number following three, and so on, which just leaves the prime numbers. At present it is known that the equatorial diameter is 40,075 kilometers. NASA - Eratosthenes Crater and the Lunar Timescale Eratosthenes Contribution to Geography Eratosthenes (276-194 BC) Eratosthenes was a Greek mathematician, geographer, astronomer & poet. In Alexandria, also in Egypt, at the same date and time, sunlight fell at an angle of about 7.2 from the vertical. Life. Moreover, he conceived the peninsula of India Pointing towards the south-west, instead of south. OCEANOGRAPHY-Study of the Oceans Contributions of the ancients 1. Despite his great contributions to science, his work was not replicated by many others, apparently because he did not get enough students to pass on his discoveries and theories. In addition, he calculated approximate distances between them. The [] Lived c. 276 BC - c. 194 BC. They also expanded the studies in Sophocles. Several astronomers and mathematicians tried to accurately measure the circumference of the Earth before and after Eratosthenes, but it was Eratosthenes who succeeded. % complete In the 1960's, Eratosthenes crater was identified by Gene Shoemaker and Robert Hackman as a key stratigraphic marker delimiting the longest period (Eratosthenian) of the lunar timescale, thought to range from about 3.2 to 1.1 billion years old! Ocean exploration - Wikipedia He is regarded as the first scientific geographer who measured the length of the equator almost accurately (24860 miles) on sound principles with the help of gnomon. James Rennell has been called the Father of Indian Geography, and for his pioneering work on oceanography as the Father of Oceanography.. Who discovered the geography? It allows scientists to pinpoint specific locations using a system of degrees. The role of p ychologi t in relation to mental health and well-being i extremely important today, and it i not urpri ing that many people have the need to go to p ychotherapy e ion or require p ycholo Few mu ician have o marked the future of modern mu ic a Michael Jack on, con idered the King of Pop. Perspectives on the Contribution of Arabs and Muslims to Geography And afterwards, Uranio Zeus, may the scepter of your hand guide it. Eratosthenes' method of measuring Earth's circumference, This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Eratosthenes, Famous Scientists - Biography of Eratosthenes, Ancient History Encyclopedia - Biography of Eratosthenes, Eratosthenes - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). [6] Eratosthenes was a man of many perspectives and investigated the art of poetry under Callimachus. Sieve of Eratosthenes: algorithm steps for primes below 121 (including optimization of starting from the prime's square). The most enduring contribution of the Guidelines has been the articulation of the five fundamental themes of geography: 1) location; 2) place; 3) relationships within places (human-environmental interaction); 4) relationships between places (movement); and 5) regions. Princeton University Press, 2013. Eratosthenes created a whole section devoted to the examination of Homer, and acquired original works of great tragic dramas of Aeschylus, Sophocles and Euripides. He studied at Plato's school in Athens. Cyrene was absorbed into the Ptolemaic monarchy of Egypt, which ruled from Alexandria, the cultural and commercial center of the Mediterranean. He also measured the length of the shadow on the ground. Eratosthenes only surviving work is Catasterisms, a book about the constellations, which gives a description and story for each constellation, as well as a count of the number of stars contained in it, but the attribution of this work has been doubted by some scholars. The ancient Greek scholar Eratosthenes is dubbed the father of geography. He was the first to use the word geography, and he also had a small-scale understanding of the planet that helped him determine the earths circumference. Eratosthenes measured Earths circumference mathematically using two surface points to make the calculation. After these experiences, he became disenchanted with philosophy and decided to dedicate himself to poetry. What was Eratosthenes contribution? - Sage-Answer Contribution of Greeks to Mathematical and Physical Geography! Defending the theory that vision is due to a flow emanating from the eye, Ptolemy analyzed the reflection of light on flat and spherical mirrors, and its refraction when it crosses the surface between two transparent media. It provides insights into economic, social, historic, culture, religious, political, and climate geography, plus oceanography, demographics, and more. Read about the life of Eratosthenes. What did eratosthenes contribute to geography? - TipsFolder.com He was the inventor of Geography and is responsible for calculating the Earths circumference. He died in 194BC at 82 in Alexandria. Eratosthenes of Cyrene was a Greek polymath: a mathematician, geographer, poet, astronomer, and music theorist. He had become blind in his old age and could no longer work by 195 BCE. Several astronomers and mathematicians before and after Eratosthenes tried to accurately measure the circumference of the Earth, but is was Eratosthenes that came through. 4. Eratosthenes is named for the ancient Greek who first estimated the Earth's circumference around 240 BC. In German it is erde. (40,000 miles). Home | About | Contact | Copyright | Privacy | Cookie Policy | Terms & Conditions | Sitemap. There was the great bookstore, a museum and a school of advanced studies. % complete First maps showing water (river charts) 3800 B.C. Zihuatanejo Beach Shawshank, % complete . Eratosthenes Contribution to Geography Notes By NETSET CORNER He first studied with Zeno at the school of the Stoics. Eratosthenes Lived c. 276 BC - c. 194 BC. Greek Scholar's Work Shows Usefulness of Measurement. He was the founder of Geography and holds the credit to calculate the circumference of the Earth. He was appointed as the Librarian of the Library of Alexandria-the post of highest academic honour of that period. Location, place, human-environment interaction, movement, and geography are the five themes of geography. He also dedicated to Eratosthenes The method. What was the major contribution of Ptolemy? He spent most of his life in the city of Alexandria in Egypt. The 200-foot ship was three-masted, square-rigged, and built of wood. A new play celebrates the 17th-Century Italian artist Artemisia Gentileschi, who defied her rape and torture through masterful paintings. So he studied there, and briefly in Athens as well. His measurement of Earths circumference may have varied by 0.5 to 17 percent from the value accepted by modern astronomers, but it was certainly in the right range. Who Eratosthenes was and what his contribution to math is? JR, on the other, Either is a correct plural for the word leaf, according to Merriam-Websters online dictionary. Around 255BC, he invented the armillary sphere. The correct answer is to determine the Earths circumference. In On the Circular Motions of the Celestial Bodies,[11] Cleomedes credited him with having calculated the Earth's circumference around 240 BC, with a high precision. Learn everything about the Oceanography from scratch and become a master of this topic with quiz based flashcards. A polymath who served as librarian at Alexandria and tutor to the future King Ptolemy IV, Eratosthenes created the terminology of . The important contribution to navigation made by Eratosthenes in the third century BC was __________. He was nicknamed Beta because he was great at many things and tried to get his hands on every bit of information but never achieved the highest rank in anything; Strabo accounts Eratosthenes as a mathematician among geographers and a geographer among mathematicians. All of the planets, except for Earth, were named after Greek and Roman gods and godesses. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Phoenicians (from what is now Syria and Lebanon) navigated and traded around Mediterranean Sea, Indian Ocean, Red Sea, and Africa; 2000BC 2. Eratosthenes hired a man to pace the distance between the two cities and learned they were 5,000 stadia apart, which is about 800 kilometers. Eratosthenes of Cyrene, an ancient Greek mathematician and astronomer, was the first to use the word Geography (Greek: Geographika). Geography is a chorographic discipline. Eratosthenes was the first person to use the word "geography" and other geographical terms that are still in use today, and his efforts to calculate the circumference of the Earth and the distance from the Earth to the Sun paved the way for our modern understanding of the cosmos. Eratosthenes (264-194 B.C.) [1] However, his Geography has been lost to history, although fragments of the work can be pieced together from other great historians like Pliny, Polybius, Strabo, and Marcianus. He has written works on geography, philosophy, history, astronomy, mathematics, and literary criticism. He used parallels and meridians to link together every place in the world. Invention of Racism in Classical Antiquity. He is best known for being the first person known to calculate the circumference of the Earth, which he did by using the extensive survey results he could access in his role at the Library; his calculation was remarkably accurate. But Eratosthenes, who had wide-ranging interests including poetry, theatre and ethics, was first and foremost an astronomer, and Alexandria was the place to go for astronomical studies. Finally he wrote: Happy father, Ptolemy, because with your son you enjoy the age! The Handy Geography Answer Book traces the history of geography from Eratosthenes and Alexander von Humboldt to latitude and longitude, and the latest advances in the Global Positioning System (GPS). Was the father of geography? Explained by Sharing Culture Eratosthenes (D.W.) Roller (ed., Trans.) References to the works of Eratosthenes are preserved thanks to other authors, since when the library of Alexandria was lost, practically all of his work was lost. What is the contribution of Eratosthenes in ancient geography? He described the geography of the world into two parts: (i) Europa, and (ii) Libya (Africa including Asia). A Tradition of Exploration Norwegian pioneers throughout history The Viking Age From 800 to 1066 AD, the Vikings journeyed in their longships to explore and establish trade around Europe. Eratosthenes is also known for his achievement in astronomy. Eratosthenes used longitude in his maps, though the lines were placed irregularly so that they could pass through important landmarks. The first place must go to Eratosthenes, the man who coined the term geography between 275 and 194 BC. Who can fully deduct traditional IRA contributions? *Egyptians utilized the Nile River and created a commerce based on ship-based trade (4000 BC). He lived in Athens until Ptolemy Evergetes, the king of Egypt . In addition to the attempts of Eratosthenes of Cyrene (c. 276c. Geography consisted of eight volumes. Thu, the different type of pecialized text will vary according to the ubject and p All Rights Reserved warbletoncouncil.org - 2023. During his time at the Library of Alexandria, Eratosthenes devised a calendar using his predictions about the, He was also very proud of his solution for. There is no distinction between the usages. History Of Oceanography TIMELINE | Preceden His writings included a poem inspired by astronomy, as well as works on the theatre and on ethics. Definition. Earlier estimates of the circumference of Earth had been made (for example, Aristotle says that some mathematicians had obtained a value of 400,000 stadia), but no details of their methods have survived. The geometry of the situation is sketched at the right. Which common nonsilicate mineral is used in wallboard. 3. Eratosthenes of Cyrene Prince Henry the navigator's contribution to ocean exploration included? During the period in which Eratosthenes was in charge of the Library of Alexandria, great advances were made in it. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); 2023 FAQS Clear - All Rights Reserved He also made a chart with the chronology of the Egyptian kings of Thebes, wrote about the conquests of Alexander the Great, and made a description of Greece at that time. is credited for two important contributions to oceanography: 1. Each fragment is accompanied by an English translation, a summary, and commentary. Prince Henry the navigators contribution to ocean exploration included? He worked in geography to try to figure out why the Nile river had such a regular flood pattern, and hypothesized that it was because of heavy rain upstream. One of the main contributions of Eratosthenes to science and astronomy was his important work regarding They helped find new colonies, explored some of North America and were great navigators.
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