Trauma, stress, and other extreme stressors are predictive of depression. In the business setting, a model or trainer demonstrates how to use a computer program or run a register for a new employee. Treatments related to the biological model include drugs, ECT, and psychosurgery. Which of the following is an argument of critics of the evolutionary perspective? Just because there is a relationship between culture and a particular disorder, it does not mean that culture causes the disorder. She published many short stories; a play called Womens Rights, in which she criticized the economic and sexual exploitation of women; and wrote a book in 1900 called The Jewish Problem in Galicia, in which she blamed the poverty of the Jews of Eastern Europe on their lack of education. d. sociocultural. Also, long-term hospitalizations are less likely to occur as a result, though the medications do not benefit the individual in terms of improved living skills. Bacterial and viral infections. She is constantly looking to friends and family members for help with these decisions and gets anxious when she has to decide alone. By pairing a neutral stimulus and unconditioned stimulus (bell and food, respectively), the dog will learn that the bell ringing (NS) signals food coming (UCS) and salivate (UCR). Which of the following exemplify secondary prevention? This thought is an example of: a. depression. They include hunger, thirst, self-preservation, and sex. In terms of operant conditioning, strategies include antecedent manipulations, prompts, punishment procedures, differential reinforcement, habit reversal, shaping, and programming. A couple therapist who focuses on acceptance and positive change where possible is using _____ therapy. According to Mental Health America, Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a procedure in which a brief application of electric stimulus is used to produce a generalized seizure. Patients are placed on a padded bed and administered a muscle relaxant to avoid injury during the seizures. Unconditioned means unlearned. Second, the viewpoint that all human behavior is explainable in biological terms, and therefore when issues arise, they can be treated using biological methods, overlooks factors that are not fundamentally biological. b. give insightful interpretations of the clients statements. c. children who very seldom fight. If a behavior is not memorable, it will not be imitated. The last part of the personality to develop is the superego, which represents societys expectations, moral standards, rules, and represents our conscience. d. unconscious feelings of loss. Neurotransmitter imbalances and problems with brain structures/areas can result in mental disorders. And if a nipple is placed in their mouth, they will also automatically suck via the sucking reflex. The paradigm, or model, adopted by people in the Middle Ages to explain abnormal behavior was the _____ model. Bertha, known in published case studies as Anna O., was expected to complete the formal education typical of upper-middle-class girls, which included foreign language, religion, horseback riding, needlepoint, and piano. Environmental factors also play a role in the development of mental illness. What are the five psychosexual stages according to Freud? Through their training and their professional activities, clinical psychologists become very familiar with the definitions of various forms of abnormal behavior and the ways it differs from normal behavior. The cognitive model focuses on schemas, cognitive errors, attributions, and maladaptive cognitions and offers strategies such as CBT, cognitive restructuring, cognitive coping skills training, and acceptance. d. disengaged. Exemplify the effect of schemas on creating abnormal behavior. According to psychoanalysts, if a patient relives past repressed feelings, that patient is said to have experienced: a. repression. Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior - CliffsNotes 126. A man has cheated on his partner and he feels very guilty, but soon he begins to make excuses, saying that his partner has nagged him for years. These two components pair up as follows: Finally, four properties of operant conditioning extinction, spontaneous recovery, stimulus generalization, and stimulus discrimination are important. b. social factors leading to stress. They are a means of reprocessing information necessary for survival. Multicultural theorists would explain the higher levels of mental illness among poor people as MOST likely due to: Which group BEST reflects those who may benefit from couple therapy? This is an example of: Providing treatment as soon as it is needed so problems that are moderate or worse do not become long-term issues is called: Failure to treat many people with severe disturbances appropriately is MOST often a problem with which level of prevention? According to a 2018 report (Prochaska & Norcross), the dominant approach used by clinical psychologists is: a. existential. Couples treated by couple therapy seem to show greater improvement than couples who do not receive treatment. Then there is the self-serving bias, which is when we attribute our success to our own efforts (dispositional) and our failures to external causes (situational). c. reject thoughts that are not rational. The room contains a highly prized toy, but they are told they cannot play with it. In the past, we have conducted trephination and lobotomies, neither of which are used today. d. They are the brains attempts to understand abnormal electrical activity. Albert Bandura conducted pivotal research on observational learning, and you likely already know all about it. Third, he relied solely on the reports of his patients and sought no observer reports. d. damage control. 74. 43. a. c. axons. 2.2.2.1. Horowitz (2008) found that rates of SAD are just 1% for those living in Florida while 9% of Alaskans are diagnosed with the disorder. d. only one factorstress or predispositionis necessary for abnormality to occur. Choose one answer. d. flight of ideas. They are sexual in nature. Hence, we advocate for a multi-dimensional and not a uni-dimensional model. d. ego ideal. b. anal stage. Females are at higher risk for developing an anxiety disorder than men. It is present at birth, completely unconscious, and operates on the pleasure principle, resulting in selfishly seeking immediate gratification of our needs no matter what the cost. d. self-aware. What if? Hence, they experience conditional positive regard. Regret orientation Focusing on what you could have done better in the past rather than on improving now. Note the plural form of dendrite and the singular form of axon; there are many dendrites but only one axon. However, she went to the restroom to change instead. Which technique is her therapist MOST likely to recommend? 2.2.1.3. d. integrate new behaviors to compensate for other damaging behaviors. They add, Oftentimes someone being treated with CBT will have homework in between sessions where they practice replacing negative thoughts with more realistic thoughts based on prior experiences or record their negative thoughts in a journal. For more on CBT, visit: https://www.nami.org/About-Mental-Illness/Treatments/Psychotherapy. Freud believed that the three central forces that shape the personality were: a. instincts, the ego, and the self. The cat could escape the box and reach the food by manipulating a series of levers. The neuron. d. the way in which the mental health profession is moving. d. classical conditioning. 116. a. existential The contents of the unconscious could move from the unconscious to preconscious, but to do so, it had to pass a Gate Keeper. First, associative learning is the linking together of information sensed from our environment. 94. Brooklyn learns to turn on the TV by watching her older brother turn it on. The model of abnormality that examines the effects of society and culture is the _____ model. Transducers or receptor cells in the major organs of our five sensory systems vision (the eyes), hearing (the ears), smell (the nose), touch (the skin), and taste (the tongue) convert the physical energy that they detect or sense and send it to the brain via the neural impulse. It might be that the disorder causes dysfunction in the family, rather than the dysfunctional family causing the disorder. If you do not believe you do anything right, list evidence of when you did not do something right and then evidence of when you did. a. psychoanalysis. c. extended psychoanalytic therapy. d. special external pressures faced by members of a culture. The drug causes severe vomiting if a person drinks alcohol while taking the drug. 103. You are doing your best. The Structure of the Nervous System. d. An investigators preferred paradigm influences how they interpret research findings. 2.2.1.5. 134. Conditioning. c. drugs are not very effective in the treatment of abnormal behavior. d. create an ideal set of genes. Differentiate uni- and multi-dimensional models of abnormality. b. is not led by a professional clinician. c. operant conditioning. The medical model definition is the concept of how mental and emotional issues are related to biological causes and problems. 102. Interestingly, younger adults are more likely to develop SAD than older adults. First, libido is the psychic energy that drives a person to pleasurable thoughts and behaviors. The defense mechanism that BEST explains your behavior is: a. denial. She has developed depression due to a serotonin deficiency. Criticisms. b. repression. c. illogical thinking. The humanistic perspective, or third force psychology (psychoanalysis and behaviorism being the other two forces), emerged in the 1960s and 1970s as an alternative viewpoint to the largely deterministic view of personality espoused by psychoanalysis and the view of humans as machines advocated by behaviorism. c. who believe in a higher being are the healthiest. Nevertheless, just before the track meet begins, she thinks, "I can't do this! This therapy is BEST described as: a. relational psychoanalytic therapy. Psychopharmacology and psychotropic drugs. Second, the participants in his studies were not representative of the broader population. b. change behaviors that are damaging to the relationship. How is the anatomy of the brain important to a discussion of psychopathology? Which model of abnormality does this quote MOST closely represent? Yvette's negative thought patterns are harmful to her well-being. Fourth, it is difficult to empirically study psychodynamic principles since most operate unconsciously. d. free association. Respondent conditioning (also called classical or Pavlovian conditioning) occurs when we link a previously neutral stimulus with a stimulus that is unlearned or inborn, called an unconditioned stimulus. The answer is yes, and one of two outcomes is possible. Bertha (Anna O.) c. people who have a religious community to support them are healthier. c. Two-thirds of treated couples achieve marital satisfaction by the end of therapy. Participants have similar issues. This was a positive punisher that did not have to be learned, and definitely not one of my finer moments in life. There are two forms: classical conditioning, or linking together two types of stimuli, and operant conditioning, or linking together a response with its consequence. a. Fritz Perls b. Joseph Wolpe c. Abraham Maslow d. Aaron Beck, 123. Life involves a degree of uncertainty, and at times we must accept this. Identify and define important neurotransmitters. c. deep brain stimulation. d. the level of rationality in the thought patterns of women. Finally, assertiveness training aids the client in protecting their rights and obtaining what they want from others. A family systems theorist might suggest that Robin comes from a(n) _____ family. Cats were food deprived the night before the experimental procedure was to occur. d. existential, 125. Those who sit in the back of the room are underachievers who dont care. It is difficult to gain informed consent from individuals with mental illness. As a result, he developed a positive and generous attitude toward the world.
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