We've updated our privacy policy. Basic arithmetic allows the nurse to customize the flow of medicine from the IV bag. However, readers should be advised that only a low number of infusion nurses reported salaries. Nurses often transition to infusion nursing roles after working in high-intensity environments, such as emergency and acute care. Resources and articles written by professionals and other nurses like you. Additionally, IV fluids can be administered by gravity or by infusion pump, and each method requires its own administration set. purpose of iv therapy.
nursing responsibilities for iv therapy ppt - dowdcreative.com Featured or trusted partner programs and all school search, finder, or match results are for schools that compensate us. There are three types of intravenous fluid concentrations: isotonic, hypertonic, and hypotonic fluids.
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4723.171 Intravenous therapy procedures. Syringes with an internal diameter smaller than that of a 10mL syringe can produce higher pressure in the lumen and rupture the catheter. e.g. It is important for the nurse to continually monitor a patients skin turgor, urinary output, lung sounds, and oxygen requirements and to assess for any new edema to offer important insight into their fluid volume status. Ensure the IV site is patent when initiating new fluid or medication. Posted on . Micro-drip IV tubing is used in pediatric or neonatal care where small amounts of fluids are administered over a long period of time. NurseJournal.org is an advertising-supported site.
Intravenous-Therapy.ppt - Nursing Standards on Intravenous Click here to review the details. Infusion nurse salaries can vary according to geographical location, certification, education level, and work setting. *{ ,Z@)k7TaV cxbAWOFR]DDfpexT.vz!Pj)!V8u!yE5f_+.ll W ^4b9p1L6n;Wit`}+L-LbtX(^2yUmZz[.=+}$v}'~taD QHj^?bqN:^*r*m2?5}9ezAng|+nEi75f1TJmD8>j@Fc>")JJB(yZ R;y BLS Certification required.
nursing responsibilities for iv therapy ppt PREPARING TO ADMINISTER IV THERAPY Before performing venipuncture, the nurse carries out hand hy-giene, applies gloves, and informs the patient about the proce-dure. <>
The professional registered nurse provides clinical excellence, which fosters and supports an environment central to our patient and family centered model of care. Insert the IV. The most commonly used primary IV fluid bag contains 1,000 mL. Read on for answers and information. If the patient is receiving continuous IV fluid infusion- observations of the IV site, type of fluid and volume infused, and accurate rate of infusion should be observed hourly and documented in the fluid balance flowsheet. Activate your 30 day free trialto unlock unlimited reading. The goal of hypotonic fluid administration is to move fluids into a patients cells due to osmosis. 0
Examine the bag to ensure that the bag itself is intact and not leaking. Here are just a few of the other duties and responsibilities that Reset IV nurses have as they prepare, administer, and monitor you during treatment. Simple dehydration, illness, or other concerns cant be scheduled, but they can be managed. The RN II . Nurse Practice Act: (Ohio) Palpation: Peripheral: Peripherally Inserted Central Catheters: (PICCs) Phlebitis: Piggyback: Roller clamp: Tourniquet: TPN: Transparent Dressing: Venipuncture: Other Terms: Questions???????? Scope of Practice B. Infusion bag:Scrub the hub prior to access of additive port before injecting prepared drug into infusion fluid bag. $4%&'()*56789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz ? Once a medication enters the vein, there is no way to terminate this action. iv fluid therapy. Our nurses are available around the clock to administer IV therapy. pI>"hU)XNSDi+7J2uSVQEaEPn[dsxgC}Isg/\,I4Vf=m*QpMNM;e\#Eo!3Nh ;iP 5!8[d;6>Rm R;Ai3 N6&Xdr+-S]wsbwj}K;CKcL2>y>>gWWSZ%+0N:UugG\Tsr^047W?yQzXxlV4Hn3/aS_W[LKa@P$"!..!YO5p|aeV|7rj=fjfeeCzb*%iiw"D1[DjTcq\[{p range of complications that could occur with the presence of a PIVC in situ. If you are a nurse or aspiring nurse researching specializations, you may be asking, "What is an infusion nurse?" Skin preparation use 2% chlorhexidine and 70% alcohol swab or solution for dressings. <>/XObject<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 720 540] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S>>
Chronically ill patients requiring multiple and recurrent IV access. Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, Inspect established IV site for deviations from normal, Prepare and safely administer primary and secondary IV fluids and medication, Calculate and ensure designated flow rate, Modify the procedure to reflect variations across the life span, monitoring the effectiveness of IV therapy. Administration Sets Apparatus that connects large volume parenteral solution with IV access device into patient veins Insertion spikes Clip chamber Plastic tubing with rate control clamp Rubber injection port Needle adapter and protective cap on needle adapter, Saline Lock Over needle cath left in for medical administration Flush every 8 hours Flush before/after meds, Rules and Regulations Regarding IV Therapy for the LPN See Handout from OBN website Chapter 4723-17 Try to access sites, 2023 SlideServe | Powered By DigitalOfficePro, - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - E N D - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -.
nursing responsibilities for iv therapy ppt Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information. exposed skin with your other hand. ii7f^oI\@+G]4 gTnG9S @23^H-6E;?7JF!!kHR^8nlEwrK7>}ocWMD^8mRtTxF#5~33U0yFSBiQ0o+z\F$Vcb uFV Z#"[y^!Y8/%
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lb {{V_4xgVk@}M{x+T `qrZOT+SW Z 2?+ Indications for dressing change include when it becomes insecure or if there is blood or fluid leakage under the dressing. Intravenous therapy By- Dr. ASHOK DHAKA BISHNOI Director, JINC.
Infiltration occurs when the tip of the catheter slips out of the vein. dr cathy armstrong spr in anaesthesia & IV Chelation Therapy - New york, ny 10036 (646) 6478836. The most common places are the back of the hand and the inner arm. 7 0 obj
Instant access to millions of ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, podcasts and more. objectives of iv therapy. Consider placing a small piece of sterile cotton wool ball or gauze underneath the hub of the cannula to reduce pressure. The Nurse position will be full-time, 4 shifts a week, a non-exempt position that reports to the District Lead Nurse, Regional Clinic Manager and Doctor/Owner at Hydration Room. Do not sell or share my personal information, 1. It appears that you have an ad-blocker running. During the IV therapy, the nurse monitors the patient for adverse reactions and ensures that the tubing, bandages and needle stay in place. The SlideShare family just got bigger. See Figure 23.3[3] for an example of an IV infusion pump. An IV pump is the safest method of administration to ensure specific amounts of fluid are administered. All Integrity Network members are paid members of the Red Ventures Education Integrity Network. amy e. irwin, dnp, ms, rn denver school of nursing. in the summer, when the sun is burning, CLASS IV - .
So you do not need to waste the time on rewritings. Tubing attaches to the port and carries the solution down and into the IV site. Nursing Care of Patient on Dialysis Shanta Peter 123.4k views 30 slides fluid and electrolyte imbalance education4227 116.1k views 100 slides Hemodialysis and care of patients. Placing and utilizing an IV is standard practice for nurses in all settings. (2015). Effective Date: 04-10-2001, History First began in the 17th century 19th century-infection control procedures mid 1950s-used for surgery and hydration(20%) Today approximately 90 % of pts in hospital receive IVs Skilled nursing homes, doctors office and home, Purpose for IV Therapy Fluid and electrolyte maintenance, restoration and replacement Administer medications and nutritional feedings Give blood and blood products Chemotherapy Patient controlled analgesics KVO for quick access, Oral medications-absorbed in the digestive tract IV- faster acting and distributed throughout the bloodstream immediately after giving, Uses: Unconscious pt: Unable to swallow: Vomiting: Nutrition: Others? replacement of PIVC unless clinically indicated. %%EOF
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When administering IV fluids to a patient, the nurse must continually monitor the patients fluid and electrolyte status to evaluate the effectiveness of the infusion and to avoid potential complications of fluid overload and electrolyte imbalance.
Access PIVC only after scrubbing the hub. If two bags of fluids are needed, a secondary IV bag will also be used. Osmotic pressure on blood cells diagram.svg, https://opentextbc.ca/clinicalskills/chapter/8-2-types-of-iv-therapy/, https://www.drugs.com/cg/iv-infiltration-aftercare-instructions.html, https://www.rn.com/nursing-news/know-the-difference-infiltration-vs-extravasation/, Next: 23.3 Intravenous Therapy Assessment, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Take the opportunity to thoroughly inspect the site of entry of the cannula for any sign of infection. www.HelpWriting.net This service will write as best as they can. Determining the rate of flow is an important step. Get powerful tools for managing your contents. an overview . Once the priming is complete, your nurse will get started on placing your IV. Shri Deshaies is a nurse educator with over 20 years of experience teaching in hospital, nursing school, and community settings.
PDF Intravenous Therapy Learn more about how Pressbooks supports open publishing practices. However, there may be situations when IV pumps are not available and nurses administer primary fluids by gravity using drip tubing. Current MA Registered Nurse license required. Drawing on their firsthand industry expertise, our Integrity Network members serve as an additional step in our editing process, helping us confirm our content is accurate and up to date. Coordinating and administering therapeutic IV treatments and infusions, Managing complications with infusion therapies, Monitoring patient responses to treatment, Reviewing lab reports and drug information, 2023 NurseJournal.org, a Red Ventures Company. Due to the presence of the catheter/fluids or medication. $^pUTq^#P$|.\
|7 We've encountered a problem, please try again. The nurse's responsibilities in managing IV therapy include the following: assessing an IV site priming and hanging a primary IV bag preparing and hanging a secondary IV bag calculating IV rates monitoring the effectiveness of IV therapy discontinuing a peripheral IV For information related to insertion of PIVC, please refer to intravenous access guideline (https://www.rch.org.au/clinicalguide/guideline_index/Intravenous_access_Peripheral/). Follow agency policy regarding initiating tubing change before initiating a new bag of fluid or medications.
nursing responsibilities for iv therapy ppt - coloventure.com i&h~ ~^=_PQEQ@G`Ry$xWJti]v|I>4C$Il2k~$s_:H--KK9 The shorter secondary line gets placed into the port onto the main, where it locks in place. Which Fluids and how much fluids to use
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This responsibility includes selecting the appropriate venipuncture site and type of cannula and being pro-ficient in the technique of vein entry. After deciding on the additives needed, your personalized blend is formulated. Educate clients on the qualities and benefits of our IV Drip and Intramuscular (IM) Shot ingredients. Are you ready to earn your online nursing degree? Center Director, Oncology Services & Health Screening Center. H*wSp 13 essential responsibilities for nurses A nurse's responsibilities may vary depending on where they work, what licenses they have obtained and how experienced they are. Extension sets are to be primed and attached to the cannula at the time of IV insertion using an aseptic non touch technique. An example of a hypertonic fluid is dextrose 5% in 0.9% normal saline (D5NS). <>
concept of place value is reinforced in math lab. When a patient needs blood gas levels checked . Inspect the splint at least daily and change if soiled by blood or fluid leakage. Prevention of Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infection ( CAUTI ) [compatib Central and PICC Line: Care and Best Practices. Demonstrate the procedure for IV insertion, conversion to a saline lock, administration of IV fluids, discontinuation of the IV Identify possible complications of intravenous therapy and nursing interventions to treat each. Upper limit infusion pump pressure can be manually increased with clinical discretion to accommodate: If pump pressure exceeds the recommended limits, check the patency of the PIVC. and apply non-sterile gloves, carefully remove the adhesive dressing,
achieve & maintain normal fluid, IV Therapy - . You've got free shipping! Updated December 2022. Illustration
Some of these complications can be prevented by the correct use of aseptic
Purposes of Intravenous (IV) Therapy Intravenous Fluids Pre-Catheterization or Preparation 1. Review Physician's Order 2. [4],[5] Additionally, clinical pharmacists can also be helpful resources for determining the appropriate type of infiltration treatment. These professionals provide case management of patients participating in clinical trials, administering drug infusions, monitoring patient responses, and communicating with the principal investigator of the study. Skin-based bacteria may enter through insertion site. 1. Hypotonic solutions are commonly used when a patient has severe intracellular dehydration such as during diabetic ketoacidosis. Administer Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy sessions. for an example of the effects of the administration of hypertonic, isotonic, and hypotonic IV fluids on a patients red blood cells. They are primarily used for therapeutic purposes such as administration of medications, fluids, and blood products. If desired, place sterile tape over the hub of the device before placing the transparent dressing. AMN Healthcare Education Services. Duties/Responsibilities: Completion of a nursing degree online or on-campus typically takes two years for an ADN and four years for a BSN. Intravenous (IV) fluids and medications are administered through flexible plastic tubing called an IV administration set. technique for insertion and maintenance as well as assessing the device as
Loss of medication is considered a medication error because the patient received less active medication than prescribed. Infiltration/Extravasation: delivery of fluids
Approved label can be generated by the EMR. <>
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If the patient (inpatient setting) is having intermittent infusion, eight hourly assessments are a minimum. 2.8 Functional Health and Activities of Daily Living, 2.11 Checklist for Obtaining a Health History, Chapter Resources A: Sample Health History Form, 3.6 Supplementary Video of Blood Pressure Assessment, 4.5 Checklist for Hand Hygiene with Soap and Water, 4.6 Checklist for Hand Hygiene with Alcohol-Based Hand Sanitizer, 4.7 Checklist for Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), 4.8 Checklist for Applying and Removing Sterile Gloves, 6.12 Checklist for Neurological Assessment, 7.1 Head and Neck Assessment Introduction, 7.3 Common Conditions of the Head and Neck, 7.6 Checklist for Head and Neck Assessment, 7.7 Supplementary Video on Head and Neck Assessment, 8.6 Supplementary Video on Eye Assessment, 9.1 Cardiovascular Assessment Introduction, 9.5 Checklist for Cardiovascular Assessment, 9.6 Supplementary Videos on Cardiovascular Assessment, 10.5 Checklist for Respiratory Assessment, 10.6 Supplementary Videos on Respiratory Assessment, 11.4 Nursing Process Related to Oxygen Therapy, 11.7 Supplementary Videos on Oxygen Therapy, 12.3 Gastrointestinal and Genitourinary Assessment, 12.6 Supplementary Video on Abdominal Assessment, 13.1 Musculoskeletal Assessment Introduction, 13.6 Checklist for Musculoskeletal Assessment, 14.1 Integumentary Assessment Introduction, 14.6 Checklist for Integumentary Assessment, 15.1 Administration of Enteral Medications Introduction, 15.2 Basic Concepts of Administering Medications, 15.3 Assessments Related to Medication Administration, 15.4 Checklist for Oral Medication Administration, 15.5 Checklist for Rectal Medication Administration, 15.6 Checklist for Enteral Tube Medication Administration, 16.1 Administration of Medications Via Other Routes Introduction, 16.3 Checklist for Transdermal, Eye, Ear, Inhalation, and Vaginal Routes Medication Administration, 17.1 Enteral Tube Management Introduction, 17.3 Assessments Related to Enteral Tubes, 17.5 Checklist for NG Tube Enteral Feeding By Gravity with Irrigation, 18.1 Administration of Parenteral Medications Introduction, 18.3 Evidence-Based Practices for Injections, 18.4 Administering Intradermal Medications, 18.5 Administering Subcutaneous Medications, 18.6 Administering Intramuscular Medications, 18.8 Checklists for Parenteral Medication Administration, 19.8 Checklist for Blood Glucose Monitoring, 19.9 Checklist for Obtaining a Nasal Swab, 19.10 Checklist for Oropharyngeal Testing, 20.8 Checklist for Simple Dressing Change, 20.10 Checklist for Intermittent Suture Removal, 20.12 Checklist for Wound Cleansing, Irrigation, and Packing, 21.1 Facilitation of Elimination Introduction, 21.4 Inserting and Managing Indwelling Urinary Catheters, 21.5 Obtaining Urine Specimen for Culture, 21.6 Removing an Indwelling Urinary Catheter, 21.8 Applying the Nursing Process to Catheterization, 21.10 Checklist for Foley Catheter Insertion (Male), 21.11 Checklist for Foley Catheter Insertion (Female), 21.12 Checklist for Obtaining a Urine Specimen from a Foley Catheter, 21.14 Checklist for Straight Catheterization Female/Male, 21.15 Checklist for Ostomy Appliance Change, 22.1 Tracheostomy Care & Suctioning Introduction, 22.2 Basic Concepts Related to Suctioning, 22.3 Assessments Related to Airway Suctioning, 22.4 Oropharyngeal and Nasopharyngeal Suctioning Checklist & Sample Documentation, 22.5 Checklist for Tracheostomy Suctioning and Sample Documentation, 22.6 Checklist for Tracheostomy Care and Sample Documentation, 23.5 Checklist for Primary IV Solution Administration, 23.6 Checklist for Secondary IV Solution Administration, 23.9 Supplementary Videos Related to IV Therapy, Chapter 15 (Administration of Enteral Medications), Chapter 16 (Administration of Medications via Other Routes), Chapter 18 (Administration of Parenteral Medications), Chapter 22 (Tracheostomy Care & Suctioning), Appendix A - Hand Hygiene and Vital Signs Checklists, Appendix C - Head-to-Toe Assessment Checklist. purpose of iv therapy. If the infiltration is severe, you may consider the application of a compress in addition to elevating the affected limb. Prior to and after fluid infusion (as an empty fluid container lacks infusion pressure and will allow blood reflux into the catheter lumen from normal venous pressure) or injection. Nursing Responsibilities For IV Therapy Our nurses are available around the clock to administer IV therapy. In this case, the primary line maintains venous access between drug doses. Activate your 30 day free trialto continue reading. Flush the PIVC using a pulsatile flushing technique (push pause motion). There are two major types of IV administration sets: primary tubing and secondary tubing. For this profession however, the pros seem to outweigh the cons. Job Class and Reports To: The Nurse position will be a part-time working 8-10 shifts a month Including weekends, a non-exempt position that reports to the District Lead Nurse, Regional Clinic Manager and Doctor/Owner at Hydration Room. the holliday- segard nomogram.
PPT - Introduction to IV Therapy PowerPoint Presentation, free download Read more about types of intravenous fluids in the . Placing and utilizing an IV is standard practice for nurses in all settings. Patient care and safety is always number one, and they love making a difference in peoples lives. IV tubing administration sets require routine replacement to prevent infection. Documentation shall contain information on the insertion site, gauge of the needle and date and time of insertion has been documented in the EMR- LDA properties. Line B(of the Plum 360 pump): Certain medications can be infused as a secondary infusion through a syringe or infusion bag via line B. Syringe driver:is recommended for children weighing less than 10kg. Assess the IV site. phlebitis, occlusion, dislodgement and migration. The use of IV Nutrient Therapy started in the 1940s and was promoted by Dr. Klenner and others, and then was expanded on by early Peripheral IV Cannulation - Slide Show. 0 )
IV board / splints are recommended to secure PIVC placed in or adjacent to areas of flexion. Cover the cannula insertion site with sterile transparent semipermeable, occlusive dressing (e.g. Because a patients fluid and electrolyte statuses are constantly changing when receiving IV fluids, it is important for the nurse to monitor for signs of fluid or electrolyte imbalances and appropriately notify the health care provider of any concerns. infiltration of damaging intravenous medications, such as chemotherapy, into the extravascular tissue around the site of infusion. Another example of patients requiring smaller IV bags are pediatric patients who, due to their smaller anatomical size, do not require large primary fluid infusion volumes. , Reset IV combines world-class service with personal attention. By accepting, you agree to the updated privacy policy. how to configure syslog server in windows server 2016 / 2020
Clinical Guidelines (Nursing) : Peripheral intravenous (IV) device (2) The licensed practical nurse can demonstrate the knowledge, skills, and ability to perform the procedure safely. _? rn. Complications of IV Therapy Nursing assumed the role of A = Care & Use of IV Catheters Revised Date: 12/02, 07/04, 10/04, 05/05, 12/06, 12/08, 06/09, 12/10, 04/11 Forms: SMC form - Picc Line placement Reviewed Date: SUBJECT: Nursing . They may also contain replacement electrolytes like potassium chloride. objectives of iv therapy. Click here to review the details. Becoming an IV infusion nurse involves four steps: earning a nursing degree, obtaining an RN license, logging work experience, and pursuing certification. Find the right nursing program for you. Administering fluids containing glucose concentration greater than 12.5% will require central venous line accessdue to the risk of vascular endothelial damage. At Reset IV, we pride ourselves on being the premier IV therapy provider in your area. Keeping your patient involved in his care fosters a constructive dialogue. Instant access to millions of ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, podcasts and more. The dressing must be kept secure, clean dry and intact. Observe Hand Hygiene Procedures 3. The most appropriate method should be selected depending on volume of diluent required, patient condition, fluid balance and intended rate of delivery. Check the solution is the prescribed one, the rate of infusion, and the amount infused is noted. The same medical guidelines and procedures are used, whether a nurse gives IV therapy in a hospital or a hotel. %PDF-1.5
Tap here to review the details. Site Selection and Vein Dilation Catheterization or Catheter Insertion 1. Refer to the Intravenous Fluids Clinical Practice Guideline:
When initiating or changing an IV bag of fluids or medications, it is important to remember these items: While monitoring a patient receiving IV fluids, it is important to assess for potential complications such as infiltration, extravasation, phlebitis, or infection. The outside tubing of the Primary PLUM giving sets are NOT sterile and are not to be placed on a surgical aseptic field. $4%&'()*56789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz ? %
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Concierge service means easy access for you, and our nurses are on call 24/7 to manage your needs. (B) The intravenous therapy procedures that a licensed practical nurse may perform pursuant to division (A) of this section are limited to the following: (1) Verification of the type of peripheral intravenous solution being administered; (2) Examination of a peripheral infusion site and the extremity for possible infiltration; (3) Regulation of a peripheral intravenous infusion according to the prescribed flow rate; (4) Discontinuation of a peripheral intravenous device at the appropriate time; (5) Performance of routine dressing changes at the insertion site of a peripheral venous or arterial infusion, peripherally inserted central catheter infusion, or central venous pressure subclavian infusion. How do they go about making magic happen? Cover with non-compression tubular bandage. The possible reasons for removal of PIVCs
Read more about calculating infusion rates in the Math Calculation chapter.
Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving IV Therapy - BrainKart by: mary watson. As an IV vitamin therapy nurse, I infuse IV vitamins Intravenous therapy nurses focus on the insertion and maintenance of the IV line as well as the care of the patient receiving the therapy. por | Jun 14, 2022 | jacksonville housing authority portal | radford job level guide | Jun 14, 2022 | jacksonville housing authority portal | radford job level guide Patient and IV site assessments should be done on a regular basis. H**BCS 444\ That is done in the same way, by allowing fluid to come through the line. Scope of Practice
nursing responsibilities for iv therapy ppt The Nurse Managers Dual Roles. Peek behind the curtain to learn how their duties are performed as they work to help our customers feel better. How do they go about making magic happen? Administer blood or blood components Administer intravenous anesthetics Maintain or correct a patient's nutritional state Administer diagnostic reagents Monitor hemodynamic functions 4. If detected early, extravasation may be treated with medications that help avoid the complication of necrosis. The most commonly used primary IV fluid bag contains 1,000 mL. Peek behind the curtain to learn how their duties are performed as they work to help our customers feel better. (JZFR=AN'ANI;EixS| Draw up required volume of diluent in appropriate size syringe and then pull back the syringe plunger to enable you to inject the drug into the syringe using principles of aseptic technique.
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blood transfusion ppt - SlideShare For example, California RNs earn the highest salaries nationwide and travel infusion nurses may make more than other categories of infusion nurses. Varies according to unit requirements and needs. Infiltration may cause pain, swelling, and skin that is cool to the touch. In Summary, when dressing a peripheral IV cannula ensure: the child can't injure themselves, or be injured by the connections, the child can't remove or dislodge the cannula. Tegaderm. Well credentialed; registered nurses or higher. By accepting, you agree to the updated privacy policy. Secondary IV administration sets are used to intermittently administer a secondary medication, such as an antibiotic, while the primary IV is also running. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND In 1993 the Nursing Standards on Intravenous Practice was established October 1993 - ANSAP Board Members and Advisers had undergone the Training for Trainers at Philippine Heart Center February 4, 1994 - the first edition of Intravenous Standards on IV therapy was printed and circulated June 9-11, 1994 - first Training for Trainers as conducted in Cagayan de Oro May . Special consideration: Patients admitted to the Neonatal Unit should have line pressure documented within the Peripheral IV Cannula Lines, Drains, and Airway (LDA) tab. The catheter passes through the wall of the vein, or the blood vessel wall allows part of the fluid to infuse into the surrounding tissue, resulting in the leakage of IV fluids into the surrounding tissue. Infection can occur whenever the skin barrier is broken by the insertion of an IV catheter.